Howrah, established in 1787, is one of West Bengal's oldest cities and a major industrial hub. It attracts migrants from rural Bengal and neighbouring states seeking work in informal sectors. However, rapid, unplanned growth has led to overcrowded slums, poor infrastructure, and unsafe living conditions. Marginalized communities struggle with inadequate sanitation, healthcare, and clean water, while children often face crime, violence, and economic distress. Many are forced into child labour, depriving them of education and opportunities for a better future.